Web Survey Bibliography
Background: Visual analogue scales (VASs) have been shown to be valid measurement instruments and a better alternative to Likert-type scales in Internet-based research, both empirically and theoretically [
, ]. Upsides include more differentiated responses, better measurement level, and less error. Their feasibility and properties in the context of eHealth, however, have not been examined so far.Objective: The present study examined VASs in the context of a lifestyle study conducted online, measuring the impact of VASs on distributional properties and non-response.
Method: A sample of 446 participants with a mean age of 52.4 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12.1) took part in the study. The study was carried out as a randomized controlled trial, aimed at supporting participants over 8 weeks with an additional follow-up measurement. In addition to the randomized questionnaire, participants were further randomly assigned to either a Likert-type or VAS response scale version of the measures.
Results: Results showed that SDs were lower for items answered via VASs, 2P (Y ≥ 47 | n=55, P=.5) < .001. Means did not differ across versions. Participants in the VAS version showed lower dropout rates than participants in the Likert version, odds ratio = 0.75, 90% CI (0.58-0.98), P=.04. Number of missing values did not differ between questionnaire versions.
Conclusions: The VAS is shown to be a valid instrument in the eHealth context, offering advantages over Likert-type scales. The results of the study provide further support for the use of VASs in Internet-based research, extending the scope to senior samples in the health context.
Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01909349; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01909349 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6h88sLw2Y)
Web survey bibliography - Reips, U.-D. (41)
- Using Visual Analogue Scales in eHealth: Non-Response Effects in a Lifestyle Intervention; 2016; Kuhlmann, T.; Reips, U.-D.; Wienert, J.; Lippke, S.
- Build your own social network laboratory with Social Lab: a tool for research in social media; 2014; Garaizar, P., Reips, U.-D.
- WEBDATANET: Innovation and Quality in Web-Based Data Collection ; 2014; Steinmetz, S., Slavec, A., Tijdens, K. G., Reips, U.-D., de Pedraza, P., Popescu, A., Belchior, A., ...,...
- Mining “Big Data” using Big Data Services ; 2014; Reips, U.-D., Matzat, U.
- Interactive applets on the Web for methods and statistics; 2013; McClelland, G., Reips, U.-D.
- Askito: An open source Web questionnaire tool; 2013; Reips, U.-D., Heilmann, T.
- Psychometric properties of an internet administered version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability...; 2012; Vesteinsdottir, V., Reips, U.-D., Joinson, A. N., Porsdottir, F.
- Why semantic differentials in Web-based research should be made from visual analogue scales and not...; 2012; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- Methodological challenges in the use of the Internet for scientific research: Ten solutions and recommendations...; 2011; Reips, U.-D., Buchanan, T., Krantz, J. H., McGrawn, K.Reips, U.-D.
- What are participants doing while filling in an online questionnaire: A paradata collection tool and...; 2010; Stieger, S., Reips, U.-D.
- Making small effects observable: Reducing error by using visual analogue scales; 2009; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- Yes, VASs can! Increasing the accuracy of survey measurements with computerized visual analogue scales...; 2009; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- True Web experiments; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- Internet questionnaires in e-health contexts: Non-response to sensitive items; 2009; Reips, U.-D., Buchanan, T., Joinson, A. N., Paine, C.
- Collecting data in surfer's paradise: Internet-mediated research yesterday, now, and tomorrow; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- A decade of Internet-based data collection: Time is ripe for combining e-learning with i-science; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- Experimentation within surveys; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- Investigating causal relationships with power: Online experiments; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- TitleInternet-basierte Messung sozialer Erwünschtheit: Theoretische Grundlagen und experimentelle Untersuchung...; 2008; Kaufmann, E., Reips, U.-D.
- Response time measurement in the lab and on the Web: A comparison; 2007; Galesic, M., Reips, U.-D., Kaczmirek, L., Czienskowski, U., Liske, N., von Oertzen, T.
- Experiments on non- response in internet- based research; 2007; Reips, U.-D.
- Dynamic Forms: Online Surveys 2.0 ; 2007; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- Forced response in online surveys: bias from reactance and an increase in sex-specific dropout; 2007; Stieger, S., Reips, U. -D., Voracek, M.
- The methodology of Internet-based experiments; 2007; Reips, U.-D.
- Personalized salutation, power of sender and response rates to Web-based surveys; 2007; Joinson, A. N., Reips, U. -D.
- Web-based methods; 2006; Reips, U.-D.
- Privacy, Trust, Disclosure and the Internet; 2006; Paine, C., , Buchanan, T., Reips, U. -D.
- The Web experiment list: A Web service for the recruitment of participants and archiving of Internet...; 2005; Reips, U. -D., Lengler, R.
- Scientific LogAnalyzer: A Web-based tool for analyses of server log files in psychological research; 2004; Reips, U.-D., Stieger, S.
- Employee surveys via Internet or paper? The influence of administration mode, anonymity, voluntariness...; 2004; Reips, U.-D., Franek, L.
- Salutation, Power and behaviour in on-line panels; 2004; Joinson, A. N., Reips, U.-D.
- WEXTOR: A Web-based tool for generating and visualizing experimental designs and procedures; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Neuhaus, C.
- WeXtor 2.5: Develop, manage, and visualize experimental designs and procedures; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Blumer, T., Neuhaus, C.
- Social desirable responding and age on the Internet: older participants in online studies show a higher...; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Stoeber, J., Hahn, A.
- Internet-Based Psychological Experimenting: Five Dos and Five Don'ts; 2002; Reips, U.-D.
- The Kid's Experimental Psychology Lab: A Web Site for Internet Research with Children; 2002; Frick, A., Reips, U.-D.
- Platform-dependent biases in Online Research: Do Mac users really think different?; 2001; Buchanan, T., Reips, U.-D.
- Financial Incentives, Personal Information and Drop-Out in Online Studies; 2001; Frick, A., Bachtiger, M. T., Reips, U.-D.
- A Brief History of Web Experimenting; 2000; Musch, J., Reips, U.-D.
- Current Internet science - trends, techniques, results. ; 1999; Reips, U.-D., Batinic, B., Bandilla, W., Bosnjak, M., Graef, L., Moser, K., Werner, A.
- Drop-out caused by JavaScript: "I could not have expected this to happen " - A Web experiment...; 1999; Reips, U.-D., Schwarz, S.